Medicine and Drug Use Review

Name : _______________________________

Over all review questions

True, False, or Maybe

  1. Prescribed medications are safer than street drugs.
    Maybe.
    When medication is taken as prescribed by a medical doctor they are generally safe. However, some drugs can create a dependency. Self-medication for depression, anxiety, increase alertness or performance can lead to overdose or dependency. See safe use of medicine fact sheet
  2. Medications purchased over the counter at pharmacies are safe.
    Maybe.
    Mostly yes if used as recommended. However, some over-the-counter medicines (OTCs) cough medicines, sleep aids, antihistamines, and others can cause problems if abused or taken with medications of drugs.
  3. People often believe the number of drug users are much more than they are.
    True
    People and media talk about it and sensationalize it. It seems that way because we repeatedly see or hear about the same people using the drugs.

▷ Define medicine.

Medicine is a substance or preparation used to treat or prevent disease or other unhealthy or uncomfortable conditions.

▷ What is the problem with people using drugs to cover emotions?

  They don’t learn how to cope with their emotions without drugs.

▷ Identify five different affects medicines and drugs have on the human body.

  1. Prevent disease, vaccines
  2. Destroy infectious pathogens (organisms) such as: bacteria (antibiotics), virus (antiviral), fungus (fungicide).
  3. Destroy cancer cells. Anticancer medicines are often given in combination, e.g. mitomycin, ifosfamide and cisplatin (MIC).
  4. Gene therapy personalized and prescribed based on the human genome and the patient's genome. Genes identified as not working in a healthy manner are replaced by introducing genes from a healthy patient, grown from stem cells, or created by another procedure. The healthy genes grow and replace the abnormal genes.
  5. Change body chemistry See medicine affects fact sheet

▷ Identify four medical categories of drugs and explain how they affect the nervous system

  1. Anti-psychotics - ,
  2. stimulants - increase metabolism, caffeine
  3. depressant - s, &
  4. hallucinogens - make the mind think something is real that isn't, cannabis, LSD
 See Medical Classification of Drugs - Fact Sheet

▷Identify 10 Medicine and Drug Categories as often Sold and give an example.

  1. Antacids - Tums
  2. Antibiotics - penicillin
  3. Antidepressants -
  4. Anti-fungals -
  5. Anti-inflammatory -
  6. Anti-psychotics -
  7. Antitoxins -
  8. Antivirals -
  9. Allergy -
  10. Cancer treatment -
  11. Cannabis -
  12. Depressants (sedatives) -
  13. Hallucinogens - LSD, cannabis
  14. Inhalants - spray paing
  15. Pain (analgesic) - Tylenol
  16. Stimulants - caffeine
  17. Synthetic drugs & Designer drugs - crack
  18. Vaccines- polio

See Classification of Drugs as Sold - Fact Sheet

▷ Identify the two most commonly abused drugs in the United States.

Alcohol and cigarettes - more people die from using these drugs than from all the others combined.

▷ Identify two reasons people use drugs.

Peer pressure, belonging/acceptance/be popular/one of the guys, escape problems, pleasure/tripping/high, relaxation, medical need, curiosity/experimentation, rebellion, parents do, addiction

▷ List three sources of influence to smoke or drink.

Parents, friends or peers, siblings, media, yourself.

▷ Define addiction

Addiction is a chronic, recurring brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. It is a brain disease because drugs change the brain; they change its structure and how it works.

▷ Define substance abuse

An unnecessary or misuse of a chemical (organic or inorganic). A continued use of alcohol, illegal drugs, or misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs with negative consequences: hang-over, illness, problems at work, school, home, interpersonal relationships, legal, or physical risks.

▷ Describe why you believe there is or isn't a difference between substance abuse and addiction?

Answer depends on definition of addiction and substance abuse. Could argue that a chronic and recurring use is different than an unnecessary misuse ... , therefore, they are different. However one could argue both as a misuse and therefore they are the same.

▷ Identify three types of influence and give example for each.

  1. Personal - skill, decision making, character, goals values ...
  2. Social - trusted - parents, teachers, friends, media, ... and questionable and unknown - media, peer pressure, classmates, ads, ...
  3. Objects - icons, images, signs ...

See Circles of influence

▷ Identify five types of influence and give example for each.

  1. Bandwagon - everyone is ... , join the gang / crowd
  2. Negative option -
  3. Testimonial, hero endorsement- athlete endorses ... or is shown wearing and performing in ...
  4. Transfer -
  5. Emphasis -
  6. Avoid the issues and spin - I didn't, but so and so did ...
  7. Unfinished comparison
  8. Numerical claims
  9. Independence
  10. Guarantees
  11. Bargain, save money, get rich quick;
  12. Bargain appeals
  13. Exploiting fears and misgivings
  14. Scientific claims
  15. Attractive appeal
  16. Catch phrases and slogans

▷ How can people protect themselves from negative influences.

Know what product ads and other people want to achieve, investigate the accuracy of their claims, recognize influences, dismiss bias and negative inluence, and make a logical decision for your benefit. How can I make my situation better? By being aware of different cultures and their infuences when making decisions.

▷ Use a decision making process, like the Nine step process, and describe a set of questions that could be used to make a decision about continued use of a medicine and drug.

▷ Recall a scenario and describe how it was analyzed.

  1. Focus, problem, information, analysis
    • Focus, problem...


    • Information & analysis




  2. Options, consequence, solutions, implementation, evaluation of implementation
    • Options and consequences of the options


    • Solution



    • Suggestions for implementation and evaluation of implementation

 

▷ Describe a strategy to use to be skeptical.

Make sure you know the facts, check facts, understand falsehoods and exagerations

▷ Describe an effective strategy to say no.

  1. Look at the person
  2. Use a calm tone.
  3. Thank them for wanting to include you.
  4. Say:
    • No, I’d rather not.
    • No, thanks.
    • Thanks, but no thanks.
    • Not me.
    • No way.
    • Not now (today, tonight).
    • Nah.
    • Forget it.
  5. May want to offer an explanation why you do not want to participate. (Drug related examples:
    • I don't do drugs.
    • I don't take chances.
    • It's illegal.
    • I don't want to feel like crap tomorrow.
    • Don't like the taste.
    • Don't want to hurt my lungs.
    • Don't want to disappoint my parents.
    • I want to be in control.
  6. Offer an alternative activity if you desire.
    • Food, appropriate drink.
    • Go for a walk or another public place: gym, bowling, dance, music, ...)
  7. If necessary continue to refuse to participate.
    • I said, no.
    • I don’t feel like it.
    • I really mean no. or
  8. Leave ... Walk away (I’ve got to go now. My friends are expecting me in ten minutes). Resistance can make you empowered and feel good. People who do not honor other's right to make an assertive response are not friends, they want to control others.

▷ Describe two situations when it is appropriate to be assertive

▷ Describe two situations when it is appropriate to yield to an assertive response:

▷ Describe how to use I-statements or another verbal interactions that affect behavior.

 

 

▷ Describe three things that you learned from one of the smoking, alcohol, pot scenarios.

1.

 

2.

 

3.

 

▷ Describe what you learned from interviewing a parent.

 

 

Alcohol

True, False, or Maybe

  1. In every state you must be twenty-one years old to drink legally?
    True
  2. Alcohol is not as dangerous as marijuana. Answer:
    False.
  3. Alcohol is only a risk to you if you are older and have been using it for many years.
    False
    Alcohol can cause risks regardless of age or the number of years of alcohol use. See Alcohol fact sheet for risks...
  4. It is not dangerous to drink and drive if you stay on the back roads.
    False
    Driving requires attention, judgment, and sound decision making, no matter the road. Alcohol impairs driving abilities for all drivers.
  5. A person with a learner’s permit can legally drive if another person is too impaired to be behind the wheel.
    False.
    A person with a learner's permit is required to have a licensed driver in the vehicle. An impared driver is not considered a licensed driver.
  6. Men can consume more alcohol than women.
    Maybe
    It depends on several factors. A person's body size, when they have eaten, rate of consumption, previous use of alcohol, their health, and what if any other medicines or substances they might have used and gender as a male body has a higher percentage of water which will dilute alcohol more than a female’s body if the two individuals weigh the same.
  7. You can be charged with DUI if your blood alcohol content is below the legal limit or .08 BAC.
    True.
    If a police officer determines your ability to operate the vehicle is impaired, you can be charged with DUI.

▷ Identify two things affected with alcohol use.

Effects the brain, impairs judgment, coordination, and causes poor decisions.

▷ How many drinks can a person have and drive safely.

None. Even one drink increases risk for an accident.

▷ Identify two examples of how alcoholics harm people.

Themself, their family, people at work or at school, friends.

▷ Identify two ways that alcohol can hurt you in the long run.

Liver damage, nerve/brain damage, heart damage, stomach damage, and
death.

Tobacco and e-cigarettes

True, False, or Maybe

  1. Smoking a cigar is less harmful than smoking a cigarette.
    False. As with cigarette smoking, cigar smoking can cause cancer of the lungs, esophagus, oral cavity, and larynx. Cigars are also addictive.
  2. Secondhand smoke or passive smoking is annoying, but is not serious problems.
    False. Secondhand smoke or passive smoking is hazardous. The Surgeon General it is a significant health danger. It can cause cancer and respiratory illnesses.
  3. Giving up cigarettes reduces the risk of dying early.
    True.
  4. E-cigs don’t contain nicotine, so they are safer than regular cigarettes.
    False. E-cigarette fluid does contain nicotine.
  5. In most states, you have to be 18 to purchase e-cigs, parts, and fluid.
    True
  6. More teens use e-cigarettes more than regular cigarettes.
    True
  7. Teens who use e-cigarettes are less likely to use regular cigarettes.
    False. Research shows they have a much greater chance of using regular cigarettes, and taking on all the risks associated with traditional smoking.
  8. It takes at least a year or two after you start smoking to become addicted to cigarettes.
    False. If you smoke a few cigarettes a day for four or five days in a row, you can become addicted.
  9. Teens who smoke can’t have yellow teeth or smoker’s breath because they’re too young.
    False

▷ Identify two ways smoking affects athletic performance.

Reduces stamina, shortens breath.

▷ Identify two things smoking does to your lungs each time you smoke.

Destroys lung tissue and diminishes lung capacity.

▷ Identify two the health problems a person can experience using nicotine.

Increased heart rate and blood pressure; lung irritation; aggravates asthma; dependency and addiction.

▷ Identify a health problem associated with tobacco chewing.

Cancer of the mouth, gums, esophagus.

▷ Identify two circulatory system problems associated with long term smoking.

Heart disease, heart attack, irregular heart rhythm, clogged arteries.

▷ Identify two respiratory system problems associated with long term smoking.

Emphysema, lung cancer, respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis.

▷ Identify health risk for pregnant women and their babies if the mother smokes.

A higher rate of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) and babies weighing below average at birth. Because low birth weight increases the risk of disease or death, more of their babies die soon after birth than do those of nonsmoking mothers.

▷ Identify two ways that hallucinogens like LSD and psychedelic mushrooms can hurt you.

Make you do things that can be dangerous; cause flashbacks; make you see and hear things that aren’t there.

▷ Besides nicotine, identify a cancer-causing substances found in e-cigarettes?

Formaldehyde, arsenic, aluminum, nickel, cadmium, lead.

Marijuana, opioids, crack, cocaine, inhalents ...

True, False, or Maybe

  1. You die from cocaine or crack.
    True Cocaine or crack can cause heart attack, seizure, and stroke.
  2. Ecstasy slows you down.
    False. Ecstasy is a stimulant. People who use it to get more energy for dancing can get seriously overheated, need emergency treatment and, if they are not treated in time, may die.
  3. Regular use of marijuana can delay the onset of puberty in males and disrupt the menstrual cycle in women.
    True. Regular use can reduce sperm production in males and inhibit ovulation in women.
  4. Crack is a form of cocaine that is smoked. It is very easy to get addicted to crack. Answer:
    True    .
  5. It is possible to die from sniffing inhalants. Even the first time a person uses them.
    True
  6. Breathing in toxic chemicals pollutes the body by reducing the amount of
    hydrogen in the bloodstream.
    False oxygen
  7. People can become addicted to marijuana.
    True. When a user begins to feel that he or she needs to take the drug to cope
    with everyday life, that person is said to be dependent on the drug. Addicted users are
    physically, as well as mentally, dependent on marijuana, which means that they need
    more marijuana to experience the same effects they used to feel with less marijuana or
    that they have withdrawal symptoms (sleeping problems, agitation) if they stop using
    suddenly.
  8. Opioid use in America resulted in 33,000 deaths in 2015.
    True
  9. In 2017 ninety-one Americans died of an opioid overdose every day.
    True
  10. Smoking the occasional joint is not too harmful for a teenager.
    Maybe
    Legally it’s against the law and a conviction can be harmful to future plans. Medically it depends on the quality and purity of the joint. If there is a mixture of drugs, the amount of THC, and if use is combined with alcohol or other drugs. See marijuana fact sheet
  11. The health risks from cannabis have never been proven.
    False.
    See marijuana fact sheet
  12. Combining cannabis with other drugs such as alcohol or prescription drugs can increase or alter the effects of the drugs.
    True
    Combining cannabis with any other drug, including alcohol, is risky because it is impossible to predict the effects. Like adding 1+1 and getting any of the following results: 1+1=2 or 1+1=3 or 1+1=0.
  13. It is safe to get into a car if the driver has been smoking cannabis.
    False.
    Driving under the influence of any drug that negatively affects one’s abilities is extremely irresponsible, and against the law. Driving while impaired, by any drug, is against the law even though there’s no legal limit like for alcohol. Police must use their own judgment and information from witnesses to determine if a person might be driving impaired.

▷ Identify two negative emotions or feelings a person may have when they have a bad experience useing marijuana.

Fear, anxiety, stress, terror.

▷ Identify one consequence of smoking marijuana for a long time.

Addiction, dependence, loss of interest in activities except drug use; possible
damage to lungs, immune system, and reproductive system; learning and memory
problems, mental health issues, trouble with law enforcement, parents, employment, and
school; increase risk of using other drugs.

▷ How long can marijuana stay in the body after being smoked?

Up to a month.

▷ Identify two ways that hallucinogens like LSD and psychedelic mushrooms can hurt you.

Make you do things that can be dangerous; cause flashbacks; make you see and hear things that aren’t there.

▷ How can you be sure a street drug is pure? Answer:

You can’t. Street drugs are often mixed with other substances.

▷ Identify two ways the body is harmed when toxic chemicals are inhaled.

Heart stops, suffocation, liver damage, permanent brain damage.